Enterobiasis (Pinworm) Richard A. Oberhelman EPIDEMIOLOGY Enterobiasis is caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis, a strictly human parasite infecting the gastrointestinal tract. Infection occurs worldwide, and clustering of…
Bacterial Pathogenesis Janet R. Gilsdorf and Carl F. Marrs Bacteria possess a number of characteristics that facilitate the lifestyle of the organism representing a variety of functional activities,…
Dracunculiasis John S. Schieffelin and Richard A. Oberhelman EPIDEMIOLOGY Dracunculiasis (dracontiasis, guinea worm disease) is caused by infection of subcutaneous and connective tissues with the guinea worm Dracunculus…
Necrotizing Enterocolitis Barbara Warner Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common life-threatening disorder of the gastrointestinal tract among neonates, primarily occurring in infants born prematurely. It is characterized…
Nutritional Issues: Toddler to Adolescent Margaret Kirby and Praveen S. Goday CHANGING REQUIREMENTS DURING DEVELOPMENT The rate of physical growth during the toddler, preschool, and childhood years slows…
Neonatal Mortality and Morbidity Avroy A. Fanaroff Infant mortality is an important outcome measure of the health services of a population. In the United States, where there are…
Pericardial Diseases Julien I. E. Hoffman The pericardium is a 2-layered sac that contains the heart and the proximal parts of the great vessels. The outer surface of…
Retinoblastoma Rima F. Jubran and Anna T. Meadows Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood. Incidence rates vary from 1 in 14,000 to 1…
Visual Impairment in Childhood David S. Walton Vision is an essential sensory input from infancy and throughout childhood that allows for normal physical, cognitive, educational, and social development…
Chronic Dialysis Stuart L. Goldstein Chronic dialysis therapy should be initiated for children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are unable to maintain safe electrolyte homeostasis, blood pressure…
