Vascular Anomalies

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Vascular Anomalies
Most vascular anomalies are apparent at birth due to involvement of the skin. Various vascular anomalies can share a similar appearance, whether involving the skin, mucosa, or viscera. They are…
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Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Gynecologic surgical problems in individuals from the neonatal period through adolescence require a specialized approach. An understanding of the normal and developing genital anatomy, examination techniques, and the use of…
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Endocrine Disorders and Tumors

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Endocrine Disorders and Tumors
Thyroid Gland The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine organs in the body. Despite this, surgical diseases of the thyroid gland in children are uncommon. In one study,…
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Teratomas, Dermoids, and Other Soft Tissue Tumors

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Teratomas, Dermoids, and Other Soft Tissue Tumors
Teratomas Teratomas are generally divided into gonadal and extragonadal types. This chapter focuses on those in extragonadal locations, the most common being sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs). Embryology and Pathology Teratoma, from…
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Nevus and Melanoma

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Nevus and Melanoma
Melanocytic nevi are a common finding in children. By 10 years of age, the mean nevus count among white children is 10–30 and 5–10 among African, Asian, and Native American…
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Breast Diseases

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Breast Diseases
Development, Anatomy, and Physiology At the end of week 4 of human embryonic development, paired thickenings appear in the ectoderm on the ventral aspect of the torso. Extending from the…
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Rhabdomyosarcoma

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Rhabdomyosarcoma
Introduction Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common form of soft tissue sarcoma, accounting for 5% of all childhood cancers, but half of all pediatric sarcomas. It is the third most…
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Liver Tumors

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Liver Tumors
Introduction Primary hepatic malignancies represent the fourth most common solid tumor of childhood, representing 1%–2% of all solid tumors. The most common benign hepatic tumors include infantile hemangioma, mesenchymal hamartoma,…
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Head and Neck Sinuses and Masses

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Head and Neck Sinuses and Masses
Introduction Head and neck lesions in children can be divided into infectious, traumatic, neoplastic, or congenital categories. Benign neoplasms such as vascular anomalies or lymphatic malformations are discussed elsewhere in…
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Neuroblastoma

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Neuroblastoma
Introduction Neuroblastoma is the most common solid extracranial malignancy of childhood and the most common malignant tumor in infants. The overall incidence of neuroblastoma is 10.2 per million children younger…
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