Vaginal Atrophy and Common Skin Disorders of the Vulva and Vagina Anita H. Chen VAGINAL ATROPHY Introduction Menopause is characterized by loss of ovarian function and as life expectancy has…
Cosmetic Gynecology Bobby Garcia Robert D. Moore John R. Miklos Introduction Cosmetic gynecology (also referred to as female genital plastic and cosmetic surgery) has garnered substantial attention and notoriety in…
Rectovaginal and Anorectal Fistula Peter L. Dwyer Frida Carswell James Oliver Keck Introduction The assessment and treatment of rectovaginal fistulae (RVFs) is an area of pelvic floor disorders where the…
Evaluation and Management of Rectal Prolapse Meghan L. Good Nitin Mishra Introduction Rectal prolapse (rectal procidentia) has been described for centuries and is defined by the circumferential full-thickness protrusion of…
Obstetrical Anal Sphincter Injuries and Sphincteroplasty Bhumy Dave Heliker Afiba Arthur EPIDEMIOLOGY Obstetrical anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are thirdand fourth-degree lacerations that occur at the time of vaginal delivery. A…
Anal Incontinence Frida Carswell James Oliver Keck Peter L. Dwyer Introduction Anal incontinence (AI) is defined as involuntary loss of flatus and/or feces.1 Although it may affect men, it is…
Innovation and Evolution of Medical Devices: the Case of Surgical Robots Jonia Alshiek S. Abbās Shobeiri Introduction Innovating even the most straightforward device requires time, energy, patience, and much money….
Evaluation and Management of Colorectal Dysfunction Tisha N. Lunsford Michael D. Crowell EPIDEMIOLOGY Constipation is a term often used to describe a constellation of symptoms, including decreased frequency of bowel…
The Use of Autologous Flaps in Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery Johnny Yi Alanna Rebecca Introduction In female pelvic and reconstructive surgery, pedicled autologous tissue flaps provide the benefits of tissue volume…
Sacrocolpopexy Ali Azadi Polina Sawyer Patrick Culligan Introduction Symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition affecting women. Currently, it is estimated that 13% to 19% of women in the…