Summary As medicine evolves, the traditional healthcare model that reflects societal binary systems is changing to become more inclusive of the transgender population. This is especially true in the field…
Summary Neovaginal stenosis is one of the most reported complications of vaginoplasty. In this chapter, we review methods to prevent this complication during penile inversion vaginoplasty and the potential use…
Summary HIV and sexually transmitted infections disproportionately affect trans persons compared to the general population. The WHO estimates trans women are 49 times more likely to live with HIV than…
Summary Human papilloma viruses (HPV) are responsible for various diseases. At least 80% of all people become infected with HPV during their lifetime. The most common transmission route is sexual…
Summary Vaginoplasty has an anatomic impact on the pelvic floor and can affect organ support, urinary and bowel function, as well as sexual function. This chapter outlines the improvement of…
Summary A particularly important, yet largely underappreciated, aspect of transgender health relates to the creation of novel microbiome niches with gender-confirmation surgery. In transwomen specifically, gender-confirming surgery may involve the…
Summary Ovaries are the reproductive organs of women, producing the gametes and sex hormones. The production of sex hormones is important for the regulation of ovarian function and menstrual cyclicity….
Summary The uterus is known to undergo changes following exposure to supraphysiological doses of androgens, which are the doses typically used by trans masculine persons on gender-affirming hormone therapy. Clinically,…
Summary Uterine transplantation to date is still an experimental technique, and a lot of future research is necessary to confirm its success and safety. Although indications for its use will…
Summary Many men of transgender experience have female reproductive organs and are capable of getting pregnant and carrying out a pregnancy. While the prevalence of pregnancy among transgender men is…
