Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Rachel Adams Greenup and Casey M. Calkins EPIDEMIOLOGY Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) remains the most common surgical cause of nonbilious vomiting in infants.1…
Tuberculosis (Mycobacteria tuberculosis) Jeffrey R. Starke Despite important advances in its treatment over the past two decades, tuberculosis remains a major infectious disease. Approximately one third of the…
Cryptosporidiosis Luis F. Barroso II and Richard L. Guerrant Cryptosporidium species are tiny (2–6 μm), obligate intracellular parasites related to other coccidian protozoan, including Toxoplasma, Cyclospora, Isospora, Plasmodium,…
Anterior Segment Disorders David S. Walton The anterior segment of the eye consists of the cornea, the anterior chamber, the iris, the pupil, and the lens, which anatomically…
Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary Gland Edward O. Reiter The anterior pituitary is crucial for normal growth, sexual maturation, and endocrine function. The pituitary integrates, mediates, and modulates…
Peripheral Nerve Disorders and Anterior Horn Cell Diseases Peter B. Kang The classification of peripheral nerve disorders can be tricky, as with many major disease categories. Neuropathies may…
Multifactorial Inheritance Lynn B. Jorde Although the genetics of most single-gene disorders are now quite well understood, these disorders account for a relatively small proportion of the total…
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Vincent F. Biank Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is an unusual form of gastrointestinal obstruction resulting from compression of the duodenum between the abdominal…
Streptococcus Group A Infections Mark R. Schleiss and Edward L. Kaplan Streptococcus pyogenes infections were likely responsible for the apparent scarlet fever epidemic described by Hippocrates in the…
