Obgyn Key

Disorders Causing Airway Obstruction   INSPIRATORY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION Shean J. Aujla   It is important to recognize the differences between the pediatric and adult upper airway to fully understand why…

The Patient with Single Ventricle   Jacqueline Kreutzer   Single ventricle or univentricular heart refers to a limited number of congenital heart lesions from a strict anatomic perspective. Anatomically, single…

Genetics of Heart Disease   Kathleen M. Ruppel   Most congenital heart defects (CHDs) are due to the interaction of genetic predisposition with environmental influences. Historically, evidence for a genetic…

Urea Cycle and Related Disorders   Mendel Tuchman, Uta Lichter-Konecki, and Mark L. Batshaw   Ammonia is a degradation product of nitrogen-containing compounds (mainly proteins and amino acids) and is…

Disorders of Nails   Liborka Kos   Nail abnormalities are commonly an isolated benign finding related to infection or trauma. Occasionally, a nail change is a manifestation of an underlying…

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia   Timothy D. Murphy   Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)—sometimes called chronic lung disease of infancy— is a disorder of lung injury and repair in infants who developed respiratory failure…

Epidemiology of Epilepsy, Seizure Classification, Epilepsy Syndromes   Mark H. Libenson and Ann M. Bergin   DEFINITIONS SEIZURES An epileptic seizure is a change in neurologic function (motor, sensory, experiential,…

Therapy for Perinatal and Neonatal Infections   David W. Kimberlin, Debra L. Palazzi, and Richard J. Whitley   GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Limitations in the immunologic response predispose the infant to certain…

Disorders of the Neck and Spine   Daniel J. Sucato   CONGENITAL MUSCULAR TORTICOLLIS Torticollis refers to lateral tilt and rotation of the head and neck. The most common form…

The Biliary Tract   MORPHOGENESIS OF THE BILIARY TRACT Colin D. Rudolph   In the human embryo the first anlage of the bile ducts and liver is the hepatic diverticulum…