PEDIATRICS

Bladder and Urethra

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Bladder and Urethra
Introduction The bladder and urethra normally function as a coordinated unit to store and discharge urine from the body. Both structural and functional disorders of the bladder or urethra can…
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Posterior Urethral Valves

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Posterior Urethral Valves
Introduction Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) are a frequent congenital cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male infants. Most cases are identified antenatally. It is the most common cause of lower…
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Biliary Atresia

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Biliary Atresia
Biliary atresia is a relatively rare obstructive condition of the bile ducts causing neonatal jaundice that first appeared as a distinct entity in the Edinburgh Medical Journal in 1891. The…
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The Acute Scrotum

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on The Acute Scrotum
Introduction The term acute scrotum is defined as the sudden onset of severe scrotal pain with or without scrotal swelling and erythema. The differential diagnosis of the acute scrotum is…
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Splenic Conditions

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Splenic Conditions
Introduction The essential role of the spleen in the defense against bacterial organisms is well documented. King and Schumacker first described the susceptibility of splenectomized infants to infection in 1952….
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Umbilical and Other Abdominal Wall Hernias

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Umbilical and Other Abdominal Wall Hernias
Umbilical Hernia Umbilical hernia is a common disorder in infants and children. It is frequently evaluated and treated by pediatric and general surgeons. Unlike other childhood hernias, a fascial defect…
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Choledochal Cyst

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Choledochal Cyst
Since first being reported in 1723, congenital biliary dilatation, or choledochal cyst (CC), has been shown to have a female preponderance and is more common in Asia compared with western…
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Solid Organ Transplantation in Children

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Solid Organ Transplantation in Children
Solid-organ transplantation is a standard therapy for pediatric end-stage organ failure, with 1900 children receiving transplants in 2023. Of those 1900 transplants, nearly 900 came from pediatric organ donors. There…
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