PEDIATRICS

Renal Tumors

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Renal Tumors
Introduction Renal tumors are responsible for about 6% of all pediatric cancers and are the second most common abdominal tumor seen in infants and children after neuroblastoma. They represent a…
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Prune Belly Syndrome

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Prune Belly Syndrome
Introduction Prune belly syndrome (PBS), also named Eagle–Barrett syndrome, is a rare multisystem congenital disorder with a triad presentation of urinary tract dilation, deficient abdominal-wall musculature ( Fig. 59.1 ),…
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Hypospadias

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Hypospadias
Hypospadias is the second most common congenital abnormality of the genitourinary tract in males after cryptorchidism and occurs in 1 in 250 males. It is a triad of abnormalities including…
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Pediatric Cancer Treatment

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Pediatric Cancer Treatment
Introduction Cancer is the second leading cause of death, with a global incidence of about 17 million new cases and 9.6 million cancer-related deaths in 2018. , Pediatric cancer remains…
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Disorders of Sex Development

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Disorders of Sex Development
Introduction Disorders of sex development (DSD), congenital conditions in which there is a discrepancy between the patient’s chromosomal sex and phenotypic sex, require patient-centric multidisciplinary care involving pediatric surgeons, urologists,…
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Bladder and Cloacal Exstrophy

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Bladder and Cloacal Exstrophy
Bladder and Cloacal Exstrophy The exstrophy–epispadias complex (EEC) is a spectrum of embryological abnormalities. Diagnoses within the EEC range in severity from those involving only one organ to others that…
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Inguinal Hernia

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Inguinal Hernia
History Inguinal hernias are among the oldest medical conditions documented in recorded history. They have been recognized and described in various historical texts and medical writings dating back centuries. The…
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Circumcision

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Circumcision
Introduction Circumcision involves removal of the redundant prepuce and is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the world. A lack of consensus regarding the benefits of circumcision,…
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Ureteral Anomalies

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Ureteral Anomalies
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction In ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, the flow of urine from the renal pelvis to the proximal ureter is compromised due to intrinsic and/or extrinsic causes. This inadequate…
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Undescended Testes and Testicular Tumors

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Undescended Testes and Testicular Tumors
Undescended Testes Normal testicular descent relies on a complex interplay of numerous factors. Any deviation from the normal process can result in a cryptorchid or undescended testis (UDT). UDT is…
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