Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Inborn Errors of Metabolism Ayman W. El-Hattab V. Reid Sutton KEY POINTS Neonates with inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) usually present with nonspecific signs, and early diagnosis and institution of…
PEDIATRICS
Osteopenia (Metabolic Bone Disease) of Prematurity
Osteopenia (Metabolic Bone Disease) of Prematurity Steven A. Abrams KEY POINTS Osteopenia remains a common problem for very preterm infants. The most common cause is inadequate dietary minerals. Other factors…
Orthopedic Problems
Orthopedic Problems James R. Kasser KEY POINTS Foot deformity—Club feet, fixed deformity of the feet, or vertical talus at birth should be treated with exercise or casting initially. Hips—Hip instability…
Neural Tube Defects
Neural Tube Defects Anne R. Hansen Benjamin Warf KEY POINTS Preoperatively, minimize bacterial colonization and tissue damage by keeping the newborn in prone position with sterile saline-moistened gauze sponge placed…
Neonatal Seizures
Neonatal Seizures Arnold J. Sansevere Ann M. Bergin KEY POINTS Neonatal seizures are usually due to an underlying injury or disorder. Treatable disorders should be sought. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and focal…
Perinatal Asphyxia and Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Perinatal Asphyxia and Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Anne R. Hansen Janet S. Soul KEY POINTS Therapeutic hypothermia is the only proven treatment for hypoxicischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and must be started with 6…
Intracranial Hemorrhage and White Matter Injury/Periventricular Leukomalacia
Intracranial Hemorrhage and White Matter Injury/Periventricular Leukomalacia Janet S. Soul KEY POINTS A large intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) of any type is an emergency that requires prompt stabilization with volume replacement…
Lyme Disease
Lyme Disease Norma Pérez KEY POINTS No evidence of congenital Lyme borreliosis syndrome Pregnant females who develop Lyme disease should be treated. No evidence that Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted in…
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis Heather Y. Highsmith Jeffrey R. Starke KEY POINTS The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 600,000 children develop tuberculosis (TB) disease a year, causing 74,000 deaths in HIV-uninfected children….