Abstract During fetal life, 100–2000 primordial germ cells enter a massive proliferation process and, by mid-gestation, there are several million potential oocytes. However, most (85 per cent) of them are…
Abstract The essential cause of the existence of the menopause is that the ovary contains a finite number of follicles: these are progressively lost with time until insufficient remain to…
Abstract Quality of life is defined as the psychological and physical well-being depending on influences of genetic and environmental factors. Chapter 5 Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Optimizing Quality of Life and…
Abstract Although in vitro fertilization (IVF) was developed for the treatment of tubal infertility, [1], it soon became apparent that human IVF had many other applications such as male factor…
Abstract Before considering the various symptoms potentially attributable to the ‘menopause’, let us define the terminology. Chapter 2 Clinical Features of the Menopause/Postmenopause Gab Kovacs Before considering the various symptoms…
Abstract The menopause marks the permanent cessation of menstruation and heralds the transition in a woman’s life from a reproductive state to a non-reproductive one. Whilst the average age of…
Figure 27.1. Levels of androgen resistance. Source: Carruthers M. J Sex Med 2008; 5: 998–1012. Consequences of androgen deficiency Partly modulated by one of the factors in testosterone deficiency, SHBG,…
Figure 14.1. An ultrasound scan of an ovarian endometrioma. Note the homogenous appearance of the ovarian mass. Picture courtesy of Dr. Yasmin Tan, Women’s Health and Research Centre of Australia….
Figure 16.1. Endometrial histology with and without progestin in HRT. Images reproduced with the permission of Professor ARE Williams, University of Edinburgh. (a) Unopposed estrogen effect – disordered proliferative endometrial…
X chromosome defectsTurner’s syndromeTrisomy XBalanced X chromosome translocationsX chromosome partial deletionsAutosomal chromosome mutations, e.g. SALT (galactosemia), FSHRAutoimmuneUp to 20% have a history of autoimmune disease Adrenal insufficiency Hypothroidism Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome I and…
