Abstract Before in vitro fertilization (IVF) was established as a standard treatment for infertility, there was no concern about the laboratory structure and its environment, and how it should be…
Abstract The risk for transmission of genetic disorders to offspring has been a critical obstacle for couples known to be carriers for severe genetic disorders. To prevent the birth of…
Abstract Our genetic information, sometimes described as the “Book of Life,” can be envisaged as a compilation containing two “sets” of information, with one originated from the female and the…
Abstract For persons who wish to have children but are unable to produce their gametes, assisted reproductive technology (ART) involving donated gametes suggests a means of becoming gestational and social…
Abstract Historically, the absence or a small number of sperm cells in the ejaculate often precluded men from fathering their genetic progeny and relegated couples to the use of donor…
Abstract In vitro maturation (IVM) systems have been developed to support the growth and development of oocytes, from their most immature stages to developmentally competent oocytes. The IVM technique has…
Abstract Cryopreservation involves the cooling of cells and tissues to subzero temperatures to stop all biological activity and preserve them for future use. Initial cryopreservation methods were ineffective as simple…
Abstract In vitro fertilization (IVF) strives to ensure an in vitro environment that closely mimics the physiological environment of gametes. However, the providing of such conditions is limited by the…
Abstract Global tissue culture media were first developed by Ludwig and Ringer, nearly 150 years ago. These were simple salt solutions, simulating the properties of serum. The second generation of…
Abstract In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a complex series of techniques used to help with fertility or prevent genetic problems and assist with the conception. During IVF, oocytes are collected…
