Anemia in the Neonatal Period                Robin K. Ohls, Nader Bishara, Wendy Wong, and Bertil Glader INTRODUCTION The newborn period marks a time when red blood cell (RBC) indices change significantly….

Evaluation of Hypotonia                Jin S. Hahn DEFINITIONS Muscle tone is the resistance of muscle to passive stretch. Hypotonia is a decreased tone in the limbs, trunk, or other skeletal muscles….

Metabolic Acidosis in the Newborn                Kristina Cusmano-Ozog and Kimberly Chapman INTRODUCTION Metabolic acidosis in the neonate can be caused by several reasons, including increased acid intake from exogenous sources; increased…

Hyperalimentation and Monitoring                Kevin Pieroni and John Kerner INTRODUCTION Nutrition support plays a crucial role in the management of premature neonates. Parenteral nutrition (PN) especially has continued to have an…

Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease                Gail Wright BACKGROUND Epidemiology Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most commonly reported major birth defect. Severe CHDs, the forms requiring early treatment at a cardiac…