Fig. 8.1 Patient positioning for both LSC/RASC: the patient is placed in the dorsal lithotomy position using Yellowfin® (Allen Medical Systems, Acton, MA) stirrups. The arms are tucked at the…
Fig. 1.1 Embryology of abdominal wall musculature Anatomy The first layer encountered just deep to the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the anterior abdominal wall is a fascial plane consisting…
Fig. 5.1 POP-Q exam. Aa point A anterior, Ap point A posterior, Ba point B anterior, Bp point B posterior, C cervix or vaginal cuff, D posterior fornix (if cervix…
Fig. 16.1 Anatomy of pudendal nerve This test employs a disposable electrode that is placed around the gloved fingertip and inserted into the rectum (Fig. 16.2). Transrectal stimulation of the…
Fig. 18.1 Vaginal dilators. Vaginal dilators come in variable lengths and sizes (Used with permission from Ridgeway BR, Attaran M. Embryology and Congenital Anomalies of the Urinary Tract, Rectum, and…
Fig. 11.1 Representative anatomy of the mid urethra in a coronal plane (Used with permission from Rovner ES. Urethral diverticula. In: Female Urology, 3rd ed. Edited by Raz S, Rodriguez…
Fig. 10.1 The peritoneum is located near a post hysterectomy vesicovaginal fistula (Copyright © Shlomo Raz, MD) Fig. 10.2 Martius flap based on its inferior pedicle, posterior labial branches of…
Fig. 6.1 Stage 4 vaginal vault prolapse Some type of preoperative evaluation for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), even in patients that report continence, is recommended due to the high rate…
Fig. 3.1 Burch colposuspension: The initial suture is at the urethrovesical junction and the second suture is approximately 1 cm caudal. Care is taken to place these sutures at least…
Fig. 17.1 (a, b) (a) Normal cholinergic transmission at the synaptic cleft. (Copyright © Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA. Used with permission 2013.) (b) Onabotulinum toxin A works by inhibiting vesicle-mediated…
