Obgyn Key

Fig. 5.1 POP-Q exam. Aa point A anterior, Ap point A posterior, Ba point B anterior, Bp point B posterior, C cervix or vaginal cuff, D posterior fornix (if cervix…

Fig. 16.1 Anatomy of pudendal nerve This test employs a disposable electrode that is placed around the gloved fingertip and inserted into the rectum (Fig. 16.2). Transrectal stimulation of the…

Fig. 18.1 Vaginal dilators. Vaginal dilators come in variable lengths and sizes (Used with permission from Ridgeway BR, Attaran M. Embryology and Congenital Anomalies of the Urinary Tract, Rectum, and…

Fig. 11.1 Representative anatomy of the mid urethra in a coronal plane (Used with permission from Rovner ES. Urethral diverticula. In: Female Urology, 3rd ed. Edited by Raz S, Rodriguez…

Fig. 10.1 The peritoneum is located near a post hysterectomy vesicovaginal fistula (Copyright © Shlomo Raz, MD) Fig. 10.2 Martius flap based on its inferior pedicle, posterior labial branches of…

Fig. 6.1 Stage 4 vaginal vault prolapse Some type of preoperative evaluation for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), even in patients that report continence, is recommended due to the high rate…

Fig. 3.1 Burch colposuspension: The initial suture is at the urethrovesical junction and the second suture is approximately 1 cm caudal. Care is taken to place these sutures at least…

Fig. 17.1 (a, b) (a) Normal cholinergic transmission at the synaptic cleft. (Copyright © Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA. Used with permission 2013.) (b) Onabotulinum toxin A works by inhibiting vesicle-mediated…

Fig. 13.1 Voiding cystourethrogram showing proximal urethral dilatation with distal urethra narrowing and distortion of bladder morphology from spherical to oblong (Both: Used with permission from Groutz A, Blaivas JG,…

Fig. 7.1 Sagittal view of enterocele in post-hysterectomy patient. (Reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Center for Medical Art & Photography © 2009–2013. All Rights Reserved) Given the results of the…