Indications for Breast MRI
17 Indications for Breast MRI The expedient use of breast MRI requires several aspects to be taken into consideration: Widely accepted indications for the performance of breast MRI include the…
Diagnostic Criteria
5 Diagnostic Criteria As in other areas of imaging-based diagnostics, the evaluation of a breast MRI examination entails both the detection and also the characterization of suspicious lesions. High-quality MRI…
Differential Diagnosis and Strategy
18 Differential Diagnosis and Strategy Solitary Focus Common diagnoses. Focal adenosis, adenoma/fibroadenoma, papilloma. Rare diagnoses. Lobulus, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive carcinoma, intramammary lymph node, phyllodes tumor. Strategy. See…
Malignant Changes
12 Malignant Changes Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Synonyms: not otherwise specified (NOS). Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is defined as a malignant tumor of the breast partially or wholly lacking specific histological…
Technique and Methods
3 Technique and Methods Basic Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Since Paul Lauterbur published his first reports on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 30 years ago, it has developed into the…
Autologous and Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction
14 Autologous and Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction In general, breast plastic surgery techniques are performed for breast size reduction (Fig. 14.1), breast augmentation, and breast reconstruction. Reconstruction of the female breast…
Artifacts and Sources of Error
6 Artifacts and Sources of Error Incorrect Positioning The patient to be examined is typically placed in the prone position. Ideally, the breasts are examined in a hanging position in…
Postoperative/Posttraumatic Changes
9 Postoperative/Posttraumatic Changes Fat Necrosis Synonyms: liponecrosis microcystica calcificata. Fat necrosis is a localized area of dead adipose tissue characterized by morphological changes resulting from progressive enzymatic degradation. Leukocytic and…
Normal Findings in Breast MRI
7 Normal Findings in Breast MRI Morphology The adult female breast is composed of three different tissue components: skin, subcutaneous tissue, and breast tissue (parenchyma and stroma). Skin. The skin…
Borderline Lesions
10 Borderline Lesions Papilloma Papillomas are characterized histopathologically as intraductal tumors composed of benign epithelial cells covering a central branching fibrovascular core. They are generally differentiated to include solitary intraductal…
