Prior Cesarean Delivery
FIGURE 31-1 Total and primary cesarean delivery (CS) rates and vaginal birth after previous cesarean (VBAC) rate: United States, 1989–2010. Epochs denoted within rectangles represent contemporaneous ongoing events related to…
Hepatic, Biliary, and Pancreatic Disorders
Hyperemesis Gravidarum Pernicious nausea and vomiting of pregnancy may involve the liver. There may be mild hyperbilirubinemia with serum aminotransferase levels elevated in up to half of women hospitalized. However,…
Obstetrical Analgesia and Anesthesia
Several factors have contributed to improved obstetrical anesthesia safety (Hawkins, 2011). The most significant is the increased use of regional analgesia. Increased availability of in-house anesthesia coverage almost certainly is…
General Considerations and Maternal Evaluation
Effect of Surgery and Anesthesia on Pregnancy Outcome The most extensive data regarding anesthetic and surgical risks to pregnancy are from the Swedish Birth Registry as described by Mazze and…
Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders
FIGURE 53-1 The 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles for maternal renal caliceal diameters measured using sonography in 1395 pregnant women from 4 to 42 weeks. (Redrawn from Faúndes, 1998.) Evidence…
Teratology, Teratogens, and Fetotoxic Agents
Acitretin Alcohol Ambrisentan Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Angiotensin-receptor blockers Androgens Bexarotene Bosentan Carbamazepine Chloramphenicol Cocaine Corticosteroids Cyclophosphamide Danazol Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Efavirenz Fluconazole Isotretinoin Lamotrigine Lead Leflunomide Lenalidomide Lithium Methimazole Mercury Methotrexate…
Operative Vaginal Delivery
FIGURE 29-1 Decline in operative vaginal delivery rates, 1990–2010. (From Martin, 2012.) INDICATIONS If it is technically feasible and can be safely accomplished, termination of second-stage labor by operative vaginal…
Ectopic Pregnancy
Classification Nearly 95 percent of ectopic pregnancies are implanted in the various segments of the fallopian tube and give rise to fimbrial, ampullary, isthmic, or interstitial tubal pregnancies (Fig. 19-1)….
Diseases and Injuries of the Term Newborn
Surfactant Deficiency Inadequate surfactant secretion that leads to respiratory distress syndrome becomes less frequent with increasing gestational age. That said, even with a low incidence in term infants, RDS from…
