Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot Michael E. Mcconnell, MD Basic Information Definition Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a form of congenital heart disease characterized by a ventricular septal defect (VSD), an “overriding”…
PEDIATRICS
Heart Block
Heart Block J. Peter Harris, MD , Svetlana Tisma-Dupanovic, MD Basic Information Definition Complete heart block (CHB) is a bradycardic rhythm caused by failure of impulse conduction from the atria…
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis Abdominal Mass The clinical classification of abdominal masses in children can be divided according to neonatal and postneonatal causes. Approximately one half of abdominal masses in newborns involve…
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis Nicole L. Mihalopoulos, MD, MPH Basic Information Definition Trichomoniasis is an infection of the genitourinary system (i.e., vagina, urethra, and periurethral glands) with the flagellated protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis. Synonym…
Heart murmurs
Heart murmurs are very common in infants and young children. Most are ‘functional’ or ‘innocent’ and are not associated with structural abnormalities. It is important to learn to distinguish these…
The collapsed child
Collapse and Cardiorespiratory Arrest Not all children who collapse will proceed to a full respiratory or cardiac arrest. Causes of sudden collapse in children are listed in the box and…
Assessing the acutely ill child
Respiratory Failure Respiratory failure is defined as inadequate respiration to maintain normal arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. Respiratory failure is obvious if the child is apnoeic or deeply cyanosed,…
Understanding investigations:
Understanding Investigations: II Radiology Chest Radiography As respiratory disorders are so common in paediatric practice, it is very important to be able to accurately interpret chest radiographs. If there is…
Child care and school
Common Problems at School Age Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Hyperactivity is characterised by overactivity, difficulty keeping still and restlessness. It can be so extreme as to impair learning and…
