Short Bowel Syndrome
Short Bowel Syndrome Jon A. Vanderhoof PATHOPHYSIOLOGY In pediatrics, short bowel syndrome is perhaps the most common indication for the chronic use of parenteral nutrition. In the neonatal period, massive…
PEDIATRICS
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Necrotizing Enterocolitis Kathleen J. Motil Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in the infant. This disorder encompasses several distinct disease entities that differ from the most common…
Distended Abdomen
Distended Abdomen John H. Seashore Newborn infants normally have protuberant abdomens owing to the relatively large size of their viscera, so judging distention may be more challenging than in older…
Sucking and Swallowing Disorders and Gastroesophageal Reflux
Sucking and Swallowing Disorders and Gastroesophageal Reflux Colston F. McEvoy Sucking and swallowing begin prenatally, with pharyngeal swallowing observed as early as 10 to 11 weeks’ gestation and suckling seen…
Neonatal Cholestasis
Neonatal Cholestasis Donald A. Novak Frederick J. Suchy William F. Balistreri Neonatal cholestasis, defined as prolonged conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, is the end result of impaired bile flow and excretion. The cumulative…
Developmental Disorders of Gastrointestinal Function
Developmental Disorders of Gastrointestinal Function Colston F. McEvoy Most gastrointestinal disease that presents in the neonatal period can be attributed to congenital anomalies. These defects in gut structure or function…
Cardiovascular Disease in the Newborn
Cardiovascular Disease in the Newborn Anne Marie Valente Craig E. Fleishman Norman S. Talner The clinical approach to cardiovascular problems of the newborn must take into account the structural and…
Cardiovascular Surgery in the Newborn
Cardiovascular Surgery in the Newborn Gary S. Kopf Dennis M. Mello Congenital heart disease (CHD) occurs in 0.8% to 0.9% of live births. Approximately 30% of these patients will need…
Cardiovascular Embryology
Cardiovascular Embryology Louis I. Bezold The development of the cardiovascular system—first organ system to reach functional maturity—is essentially complete by 8 weeks’ gestational age in humans. The critical period of…
Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease
Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease David E. Fixler Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death during the first year of life. Malformations of the heart occur in…
