INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Ideal clinical care integrates a health care professional’s clinical experience, individual patient preferences and values, and current best clinical evidence. Every hospitalist has his or her…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen If all variation were bad, solutions would be easy. The difficulty is in reducing the bad variation, which reflects the limits of professional knowledge and failures…
CURRENT STATE OF AFFAIRS Print Section Listen The field of pediatric hospital medicine has grown rapidly over the past 18 years, since the term “hospitalist” was first coined. The number…
DEFINITION AND NORMAL INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE VALUES Print Section Listen Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cerebral ventricles. ICP is the product of the rate…
DEFINITION Print Section Listen Status epilepticus (SE) is defined as 5 minutes or more of (1) continuous clinical and/or electrographic seizure activity or (2) recurrent seizure activity without recovery (returning…
NEUROSURGICAL EMERGENCIES Print Section Listen MONRO KELLIE DOCTRINE Physiology: Most cases of neurosurgical emergencies are related to the volume-occupying relationship between the brain matter, cerebral blood volume, and cerebrospinal fluid…
INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE Print Section Listen Normal 0 to 20 mmHg CEREBRAL PERFUSION PRESSURE (CPP) Print Section Listen Formula: CPP = Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) − Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Infants: 40…
INDICATIONS FOR HEART TRANSPLANT Print Section Listen Heart transplantation can be utilized in patients with end-stage heart failure that is refractory to medical and surgical management. Common indications for transplant:…
INDICATIONS FOR MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT Print Section Listen Children with severe cardiac or respiratory failure that is refractory to medical management may require mechanical cardiorespiratory support. Transient respiratory and/or circulatory…
NORMAL CARDIAC ANATOMY (SEE FIGURE 34-1) Print Section Listen FIGURE 34-1 Normal cardiac anatomy. ACYANOTIC LESIONS Print Section Listen PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA) (SEE FIGURE 34-2) FIGURE 34-2 Patent ductus…
