Hypoglycemia
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Hypoglycemia is the most common biochemical emergency in pediatric patients. Therefore, the ability to efficiently evaluate and treat of this condition is essential for the general…
PEDIATRICS
Hyperammonemia
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Ammonia, the nitrogen-containing waste product of protein metabolism, is extremely toxic at high concentrations. Under normal circumstances, blood ammonia is cleared rapidly by the urea…
Genetic Syndromes Caused by Chromosomal Abnormalities
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Understanding the influence of genetics on health and disease has been a major goal in scientific research over the last century. A landmark of this initiative…
Malnutrition
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Malnutrition refers to disorder of nutritional status from either a deficiency or excess (i.e. imbalance) of energy, protein, and/or other nutrients that lead to adverse effects…
Metabolic Acidosis
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Metabolic acidemia is a common laboratory finding, and most cases are caused by conditions such as hypovolemia, systemic infection, and acute diarrhea. The challenge for the…
Biliary Disease
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen The biliary tree includes the ducts that drain bile from the liver and coalesce into the right and left hepatic ducts, the cystic duct and gallbladder,…
Pancreatitis
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Acute pancreatitis, the most common pancreatic disorder in childhood,1,2 is a costly and increasingly recognized disease. Studies from the United States, Mexico, and Australia have reported…
Feeding Issues
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Feeding difficulties are frequent comorbid conditions in infants and children with both acute and chronic illnesses and can alert the clinician to an underlying condition. In…
Liver Failure
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Liver failure, or hepatic failure, is a clinical condition that results from significant hepatocyte dysfunction or death. It differs from hepatitis in that patients must have…
Disorders of Gastric Emptying
BACKGROUND AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Print Section Listen Passage of the alimentary bolus from the stomach to the duodenum constitutes an important anatomical and functional transition point in the digestive process. The…
