Host Response to Infections: The “-omics” Revolution
Introduction There has been tremendous progress in our attempt to discern the molecular basis of infectious diseases, yet several gaps remain both in the understanding of disease processes and in…
PEDIATRICS
Normal and Impaired Immunologic Responses to Infection
This chapter provides an overview of immunologic responses to infection and considers host interactions with different classes of pathogens, normal innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, the developing host responses of…
Molecular Determinants of Microbial Pathogenesis
Despite the availability of a wide variety of antimicrobial agents and expansion of vaccination programs, infectious diseases remain a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. A number of…
Fever: Pathogenesis and Treatment
Fever is the thermoregulated increase in body temperature above normal as the result of a coordinated response to a pathologic insult. The two essential features of fever are that it…
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Advances in the field of assisted ventilation include computer-assisted ventilators with an ever-increasing number of modalities, bedside pulmonary function measurements, and graphics and drugs to modulate the pulmonary vascular bed…
Neurologic Effects of Respiratory Support
The use of respiratory support in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to treat a variety of newborn respiratory conditions (e.g., respiratory distress syndrome and chronic lung disease) is quite…
Pulmonary and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Following Ventilation
Introduction The outcomes of neonates after assisted ventilation are highly variable. Even among infants who require minimal respiratory support, predicting long-term lung and developmental outcomes is complex. Whether the result…
Discharge and Transition to Home Care
The discharge readiness of infants is usually determined by the demonstration of achieving several minimum functional competencies. These competencies include (1) thermoregulation; (2) control of breathing without apnea, bradycardia, or…
Pharmacologic Therapies I: Surfactant Therapy
The development of exogenous surfactant therapy in the early 1990s was a historic advance in neonatology that led to significant reductions in neonatal mortality. Exogenous surfactant therapy is now routinely…
Medical and Surgical Interventions for Respiratory Distress and Airway Management
Introduction The advent of the specialty of neonatology has promoted the care and survival of ever-increasing numbers of extremely small newborns. These patients have a whole host of complex anatomic…
