Chapter 1: Structure and Function of the Genome Questions 1. How many pairs of autosome chromosomes does each adult possess? A. 11 B. 22 C. 23 D. 44 E. 46…

Introduction Many doctors often equate statistics with the numbers and equations seen in research papers, but the term ‘statistics’ does not mean ‘numbers’; indeed, a competent statistical analysis of a…

Biophysical Definitions Molecular Weight One mole of an element or compound is the atomic weight or molecular weight, respectively, in grams. For example, 1 mol of sodium is 23 g…

Introduction The application of the theories, principles and methods of physics to medicine and healthcare, in general, belongs to a branch of medicine called ‘medical physics’. This chapter focuses on…

Introduction This chapter will address general anatomical principles as well as cover detailed anatomy relevant to the obstetrician and gynaecologist and the Membership of Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists…

Structure and Function of the Normal Cell All cells possess certain basic structural features, regardless of their location, type and function ( Fig. 9.1 ). The major division is into…

Introduction A drug is broadly defined as any chemical agent that affects living protoplasm. About one-third of women in the UK take drugs at least once during pregnancy, but only…

Introduction The immune system exists to protect the organism from the consequences of infectious disease and, to a lesser extent, neoplasia. It does this by having a complex system of…

Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis The process of fertilisation involves the union of female and male gametes, the ovum and spermatozoon, respectively. In humans there is a ready supply of spermatozoa constantly…

Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology Introduction Bacteria are the smallest organisms capable of a free-living existence. That is, with the exception of a few highly evolved examples, they are able to…