What Are Structural Chromosome Rearrangements and How Frequently Are They Seen in the General Population? As part of cytogenetic testing, the structure of each chromosome is assessed for (1) evidence…
What Is Cytogenetics? Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomes and the clinical application of chromosome analysis for diagnostic purposes. This chapter will deal with traditional cytogenetics, which involves examination of…
Introduction Few areas in medicine have seen such rapid and dramatic advances in knowledge and technology as the field of genetics has over the past two decades. Breakthroughs such as…
Introduction Mendel wrote in 1865 that when crossing plants, “numerous experiments have demonstrated that the common characters are transmitted unchanged to the hybrids and their progeny.” Mendel described that “common…
Introduction Burn injuries are common in the pediatric population, representing the fourth leading cause of emergency department visits in the western world. Burns affecting the hand present a significant challenge…
Introduction Pediatric sports are a cornerstone of childhood in the United States. According to a 2008 report compiled by the Women’s Sports Foundation, approximately 69% of girls and 75% of…
Introduction Volkmann’s ischemic contracture is the outcome of prolonged muscle and nerve ischemia resulting most commonly from delayed or untreated acute compartment syndrome. Increased compartment pressures decrease capillary perfusion to…
Introduction Traumatic amputations are a challenge at any age, often requiring extensive input from the medical and therapy team to provide the patient with the optimal functional outcome. Therapists are…
Introduction/Pertinent Anatomy As youth sports participation continues to increase, there has been a corresponding increase in the amount of injuries seen, especially shoulder injuries in overhead athletes. Traumatic injuries such…
Elbow Fractures Anatomy and Classification of Elbow Fractures Fractures about the pediatric elbow are common; they account for 5%–10% of all fractures in children. The unique anatomy of the elbow…
