Disorders of Respiratory Control and Sleep-Disordered Breathing David Gozal and Leila Kheirandish-Gozal While the neuronal and musculoskeletal components of the respiratory system mature postnatally, the systems governing respiratory…
Abnormal Pubertal Development Dennis M. Styne and Leonna Cuttler SEXUAL PRECOCITY AND EARLY PUBERTY Sexual precocity is the general term for early puberty. Isosexual precocity refers to a…
Movement Disorders, Tics, and Tourette Syndrome Diana Apetauerova Movement disorders are defined as either a loss or poverty (akinesia) or slowness (brady-kinesia) of movement that is not associated…
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis OLIGOARTICULAR, POLYARTICULAR, AND SYSTEMIC CATEGORIES Carol A. Wallace, David A. Cabral, and Robert P. Sundel Arthritis is a clinical finding of persistent joint swelling or…
Periodontal and Gingival Health and Diseases Nadeem Y. Karimbux and David M. Kim The normal periodontium consists of gingiva, connective tissue, the periodontal ligament, cementum, and the surrounding…
Disorders of Creatine and Ornithine Metabolism Sylvia Stockler-Ipsiroglu CREATINE METABOLISM Creatine is synthesized mainly in the liver and pancreas by the action of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) and guanidinoace-tate…
Environmental Causes of Birth Defects Elizabeth Balken, Marsha Leen-Mitchell, Lynn P. Martinez, and Julia A. Robertson The definition of a teratogenic agent (an exposure, external to the fetal…
Lysosomal Storage Disorders Irina A. Anselm Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) comprise a group of approximately 30 relatively rare inherited diseases that are characterized by defective functioning of one…
Nose and Sinus Ellen S. Deutsch and Cecille G. Sulman ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY The nose is the major portal of air exchange between the internal and external environment….
