Abstract With initial attempts of failed IVF, and also after miscarriages, it is quite common for women to assume and become convinced that there is a problem in the uterus…
Abstract Surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) is used in situations where sperm suitable for fertility treatment cannot be obtained by other means, principally from the ejaculate. Even sperm obtained from cryptozoospermic…
Abstract The spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the viable gestation is termed miscarriage. Miscarriage therefore includes all pregnancy losses from conception until 23 completed weeks of pregnancy. It remains…
Abstract For fertility clinics to be successful, quality must be a priority. Quality is not just about ticking boxes, it is about ensuring jobs are completed to the best standard…
Abstract Early pregnancy problems are common and cause significant physical and psychological morbidity and mortality. Miscarriage is thought to affect one in five pregnancies and ectopic pregnancy to occur in…
Abstract The pioneers of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) were Robert Edwards, a scientist working at Cambridge University, and Patrick Steptoe, a gynaecologic surgeon from Oldham, who collaborated together to develop…
Abstract Since the early days of in vitro fertilisation (IVF), the results of IVF treatment have much improved with a 32.8% live birth rate being reported for women aged under…
Abstract Cryopreservation is a fundamental adjunct for any in vitro fertilisation (IVF) programme for both gametes and embryos. Sperm can be frozen for use in donor cycles, treatment cycles or…
Abstract Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are now responsible for more than 2% of all human births in the United Kingdom and closer to 5% in mainland Europe. According to the…
Abstract Worldwide 95% of the adults express their desire for a child. Between 8 and 12% of reproductive-aged couples worldwide have problems conceiving. The probable global average for infertility is…
