KEY POINTS 1. Shock is a clinical condition marked by poor tissue perfusion resulting in inadequate oxygen delivery and tissue hypoxia. 2. Neonates with shock have hypotension or poor tissue…
KEY POINTS 1. The normal cardiac electrical signal travels from the atria to the ventricles through a conduction system comprised of the sinus node, atrioventricular (AV) node, His bundle, and…
KEY POINTS 1. We still need a universally accepted definition of severe hyperbilirubinemia; no particular thresholds of unconjugated or total bilirubin levels have been definitively associated with acute or chronic…
KEY POINTS 1. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. More than 50% of all infants with HIE will die or have severe neurologic disabilities…
KEY POINTS 1. Anemia occurs when the red blood cell (RBC) mass is not adequate to meet tissue oxygen needs. 2. Target hemoglobin and hematocrit have been used as clinical…
KEY POINTS 1. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in young infants is defined as a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) ≥20 mm Hg. 2. The mPAP at birth resembles the systemic…
KEY POINTS 1. The natural history of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) varies tremendously. Some critical CHDs become symptomatic and require therapeutic intervention in the neonatal period. 2. Patients with CHDs…
KEY POINTS 1. Fungal infections including invasive Candida infections and molds (aspergillosis and mucormycosis) are devastating infections most commonly complicating extreme preterm infants due to their underdeveloped immune system combined…
KEY POINTS 1. Congenital heart disease (CHDs) are seen in 6 to 10 per 1000 live births. These include structural defects of the heart, of the great vessels, or both….
KEY POINTS 1. Congenital syphilis is a global public health problem, particularly in the Americas where its incidence appears to be rising. 2. At birth 90% of infants are asymptomatic,…
