Obgyn Key

Fig. 25.1 The PGC specification in mouse embryos. Mouse PGCs are specified at the posterior and proximal end of the epiblast (EPI) by receiving BMP4 from extraembryonic ectoderm (EXE), a…

Fig. 17.1 Transvaginal ultrasound probe with disposable needle guide 17.4.3 Vacuum Using a vacuum system for stable negative pressures is essential (Fig. 17.2). The typical range is between 80 and…

Fig. 23.1 Morphological change of the embryo during vitrifaction: (a) Day 3 embryo before vitrification; (b) dehydration immediately after the exposure to equilibration solution; (c) partial rehydration as cryoprotectants enter…

Fig. 20.1 Endometrial thickness (EMT) minimal stimulation (left; E2 781 pg/mL; EMT 4.0 mm) versus frozen embryo transfer (right; E2 296 pg/mL; EMT 8.8 mm) in the same patient 20.5.2 The Effect of Clomiphene…

Characteristic HCG trigger alone (n = 55) Dual trigger (n = 52) P value Age at the time of the cycle (y) 38.36 ± 3.92 39.50 ± 3.05 0.10 Body mass index (kg/m2) 26.39 ± 5.21 25.99 ± 5.43 0.70 Anti-Mullerian hormone…

Fig. 14.1 Review of how too much or too little LH can affect an IVF cycle 14.2 Avoidance of Pre-cycle Oral Contraceptives While most of our minimal stimulation in vitro…

Fig. 9.1 Traditional Natural Cycle IVF∗. ╤If at risk of premature ovulation, use indomethacin. If premature ovulation occurs, OPU within 24 hours. E2 estradiol, LH luteinizing hormone, OPU oocyte pickup Figures…

Fig. 8.1 Long Agonist protocol Fig. 8.2 Microdose lupron flare protocol (MDF) Fig. 8.3 Antagonist Cycle (ANT) In the following text, the various factors within an individual protocol that can…

Fig. 12.1 (Creative common license tag by bing) clomiphene citrate Clomiphene citrate is one of the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) with both agonistic and antagonistic activities for estrogen receptor….

Fig. 7.1 Brief schematic representation of folliculogenesis. Ovarian follicles undergo atresia at every stage of development and differentiation throughout the reproductive life span. They become sensitive to gonadotropins at recruitable…