Obgyn Key

Key points • Infertility is considered to be a disease and affects approximately 7% of all U.S. couples of reproductive age—more than 7 million women in the United States. •…

Key points • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is now diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria, which are clinical end points, and is not a laboratory diagnosis . The diagnosis requires finding…

Key points • For in vitro fertilization (IVF) with and without intracytoplasmic sperm injection, the delivery rate per cycle in which ova are retrieved is as high as 50%, depending…

Key points • The major androgen produced by the ovaries is testosterone and that of the adrenal glands is dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; many potent 11-oxo androgens produced by the adrenal glands…

Key points • The main symptoms of hyperprolactinemia are galactorrhea and amenorrhea, the latter caused by alterations in normal gonadotropin-releasing hormone release. • Pathologic causes of hyperprolactinemia include pharmacologic agents,…

Key points VULVAR PREMALIGNANT AND MALIGNANT DISEASE • Squamous cell carcinomas constitute 90% of primary vulvar malignancies. More than 80% of patients are older than 50 years at the time…

Key points • Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer, but it occurs less often than endometrial cancers. • Ovarian cancers in women older than 50…

Key points • Primary amenorrhea is diagnosed if no menstrual function has occurred by age 15, or 5 years after initial breast development. • Menarche is delayed approximately 0.4 year…

Key points • Postoperative febrile morbidity is related to infection in approximately 20% of cases and noninfectious causes in 80% of cases. • Infection in older adults will not always…

Key points • Carcinomas of the cervix are predominantly squamous cell carcinomas (85% to 90%), and approximately 10% to 15% are adenocarcinomas. • Squamous cell carcinomas are strongly associated with…