Prematurity
Prematurity The circulatory adjustments and myocardial biochemical changes at birth and in the neonatal period are modified in direct relation to the degree of prematurity. The muscular coat of the…
Fetal Cardiac Intervention
Fetal Cardiac Intervention Improvements in prenatal diagnostic techniques have led to renewed interest in fetal cardiac intervention. The restoration of more normal flow and pressure relationships in the developing heart…
Fetal Cardiology
Fetal Cardiology Extensive information about the circulatory physiology of the fetus and newborn has accumulated. The works of Barcroft (37), Dawes (38), Lind and associates (39), and Rudolph (40) should…
Long-Term Survival
Long-Term Survival This chapter focuses on infancy; however, discussions with parents concerning their newborn with a cardiac anomaly often quickly, and appropriately, move to the length and quality of life…
Infant Mortality
Infant Mortality Before aggressive intervention, Mitchell found that 2.3 of 1,000 live births died with cardiac problems in infancy (1). Infant cardiac mortality in developed countries has progressively declined over…
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Billie Lou Short In 1944 Kolff and Berk observed that blood became oxygenated as it passed through cellophane chambers of their artificial kidney membrane (1). This historic…
Principles of Management of Respiratory Problems
Principles of Management of Respiratory Problems William E. Truog Sergio G. Golombek Although the principles of management of respiratory disorders are constant, the techniques of treatment have become more complex…
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Jonathan M. Davis Warren N. Rosenfeld Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that develops in newborn infants treated with oxygen and positive-pressure mechanical ventilation for a…
