Necrotizing Enterocolitis Olga Zhadan Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an acquired inflammatory disease affecting the gut of newborns, predominantly premature infants. Incidence in infants weighing less than 1500 g is 10%….
Malrotation Erica Davanian First described around 1898, William Edwards Ladd standardized the evaluation and surgical management of malrotation in 1932. The principles from Ladd’s landmark article and textbooks still hold…
Meckel Diverticulum Jessica L. Buicko The first description of a small bowel diverticulum was in 1598 by a German surgeon Wilhelm Hildanus. Alexis Littre also noted a small bowel diverticulum,…
Intestinal Atresia Kara Baker Intestinal stenosis and atresia are usually grouped together as a spectrum of congenital disorders that cause narrowing or complete obstruction anywhere along the intestine. These disorders…
Intussusception Paige E. Finkelstein Intussusception was first described in 1674 by Paul Barbette of Amsterdam, but it was defined by Treves in 1899.1 Cornelius Velse successfully operated on an adult…
Appendicitis Rennier A. Martinez Accounts for about one-third of childhood admissions for abdominal pain1 Peak incidence during adolescence2 Diagnosis is difficult especially in younger children Definite diagnosis only in 50%…
Gallbladder Disease in Children Allison Rice Gallbladder disease in children has evolved over the past 25 years. Historically, disease of the biliary tract was relatively uncommon in pediatrics and typically…
Choledochal Cyst Ryan D. Reusche Hibbut-ur-Rauf Naseem HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Choledochal cysts were first described by Vater in 1723.1 Anatomic variations of choledochal cyst were later classified by Alonso-Lej et al…
Bariatric Surgery in Children Kandace Kichler HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In 2013, the American Medical Association officially recognized obesity as a disease. Bariatric surgery is widely accepted as safe and effective in…
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Kandace Kichler Many parents report that their infant will spit up or develop emesis of milk after feedings. This is usually inconsequential and considered normal, and infants…
