CHAPTER 7 Heart and vascular system Elizabeth Tong; and Patricia O’Brien Embryological development The heart begins to form in the fetus by the end of the third week after conception….

CHAPTER 17 Female genitalia Erica Bisgyer Monasterio; and Naomi A. Schapiro The female genital examination is a recommended yet an under-performed part of the routine physical for pediatric and adolescent…

CHAPTER 13 Nose, mouth, and throat Patricia Jackson Allen A thorough assessment of the nose, mouth, and throat is an essential part of the pediatric physical examination. Infants and children…

CHAPTER 16 Male and female breast Erica Bisgyer Monasterio; and Naomi A. Schapiro Male and female breast development is similar until puberty; therefore, the examination of both boys and girls…

CHAPTER 11 Eyes Karen G. Duderstadt When an infant is born, the eyes are anatomically complete, but the sense of vision develops over the first weeks and months of life….

CHAPTER 8 Chest and respiratory system Concettina (Tina) Tolomeo Embryological development Knowledge of lung development is critical when performing a respiratory assessment in early childhood, especially in a newborn infant…

CHAPTER 6 Skin Renee P. McLeod It is easy to underestimate the importance of a thorough examination of the skin. Careful inspection of the skin gives the examiner clear insight…

CHAPTER 20 Charting pediatric comprehensive and symptom-focused health care visits Karen G. Duderstadt Charting the health care visit Comprehensive assessment of the infant, child, and adolescent and accurate charting in…

CHAPTER 10 Lymphatic system Karen G. Duderstadt Embryological development The lymphatic system is established in the mesoderm layer during the third week of embryonic development, and the development of the…

CHAPTER 9 Head and neck Karen G. Duderstadt Embryological development The rapid growth of the head begins during the fifth week of embryonic life, as the brain simultaneously undergoes a…