Neonatal Randomized Controlled Trials
KEY POINTS 1. Neonates and infants often are treated with medicines that have not been approved by regulatory authorities for use in this age group. 2. The inclusion of infants…
PEDIATRICS
Current State of Perinatal Palliative Care: Clinical Practice, Training, and Research
KEY POINTS 1. Perinatal palliative care (PPC) programs are increasing across the U.S. These services exist in a wide variety of settings from health care institutions to community- or faith-based…
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Neonates
KEY POINTS 1. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a potentially life-saving technology for newborns with refractory cardiopulmonary failure of reversible etiology. 2. ECMO involves draining deoxygenated venous blood, extracorporeal oxygenation…
Intestinal Surgery in the Newborn—Atresias, Volvulus, and Everything Else
KEY POINTS 1. The processes leading to duodenal atresia and distal atresia are unknown but reflect a general defect in intestinal development. In the past, duodenal atresia was thought to…
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
KEY POINTS 1. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease of premature infants that results in life-threatening intestinal ischemia and necrosis. 2. Suspect NEC presents in a stable, formula-fed premature neonate…
Developmental Anomalies of the Globe and Ocular Adnexa in Neonates
KEY POINTS 1. Major structural abnormalities of the eye in neonates include anophthalmos (no ocular tissues), microphthalmos (small, disorganized eye), nanophthalmos (small but relatively normally structured eye), and buphthalmos (whole…
Neonatal Immunity
KEY POINTS 1. The fetal-neonatal immune system becomes activated at birth to play a role in host defense and eliminate environmental pathogens but also to tolerate self-antigens, nutrients, and commensals….
Newborn Spine Deformities
KEY POINTS 1. Spina bifida usually can be diagnosed prenatally with screening and in the early neonatal period by physical exam. Early diagnosis and intervention may improve outcomes. 2. Assessment…
Genetics of Common Birth Defects in Newborns
KEY POINTS 1. Birth defects are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children and are present in 3% to 6% of births. 2. The most common birth…
An Overview of GeneticTesting
KEY POINTS 1. Genomic medicine has emerged as a new discipline to analyze the human genome and genetic information as a part of clinical care. 2. There are various types…
