PEDIATRICS

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Introduction Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal inflammatory disease in neonates. It is marked by varying degrees of intestinal damage, ranging from epithelial injury to full-thickness involvement and perforation…
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Hirschsprung Disease

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Hirschsprung Disease
Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge Jacob C. Langer, MD, not only for his contributions to this chapter in previous editions, but also his significant contributions to this field…
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Fecal Incontinence and Constipation

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Fecal Incontinence and Constipation
Introduction Fecal soiling in the pediatric population is a common and often underappreciated issue. Once children pass the toilet-training years and enter school, fecal soiling is seen as a taboo…
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Duodenal and Intestinal Atresia and Stenosis

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Duodenal and Intestinal Atresia and Stenosis
Congenital intestinal obstruction occurs in approximately 1:2000 live births and is a common cause of admission to a neonatal surgical unit, accounting for up to one-third of all admissions. Morphologically,…
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Malrotation

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Malrotation
Introduction Normal intestinal rotation transforms a floppy linear tube of primitive gut into a folded and precisely fixated intestine, thereby safeguarding against the catastrophe of volvulus. Without this precise fixation,…
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Stomach Lesions

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Stomach Lesions
The stomach forms from the foregut and is recognizable by the fifth week of gestation. It then elongates, descends, and dilates to form its familiar structure by the seventh week…
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Gastroesophageal Reflux

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Gastroesophageal Reflux
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a condition that is commonly encountered in infants but usually resolves by 2 years of age. GER is defined as the involuntary retrograde passage of gastric…
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Acquired Lesions of the Lung and Pleura

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Acquired Lesions of the Lung and Pleura
Parapneumonic Effusion Empyema is one form of a parapneumonic effusion (PPE) and is defined as the accumulation of pus in the pleural space. The word empyema is derived from the…
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Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia and Eventration

May 10, 2026 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia and Eventration
Introduction Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an anomaly of the cardiopulmonary system that results from both a developmental anomaly and a concomitant mechanical compression of the cardiopulmonary system from abdominal…
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