Microphthalmos Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Trauma, Orbit Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) Retinal Detachment (RD) Coloboma Less Common Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV) Congenital Microphthalmos Rare but Important…

Elbow Effusion Christopher G. Anton, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Supracondylar Fracture Lateral Condylar Fracture Medial Epicondyle Avulsion Trauma without Fracture Radial Neck Fracture Other Less Common Fractures Less Common Osteochondritis…

Solid Neck Mass in Neonate Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Fibromatosis Colli Reactive Lymph Nodes Infantile Hemangioma Less Common Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Teratoma Rare but Important Langerhans Cell…

Solid Neck Mass in A Child Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Reactive Lymph Nodes Hodgkin Lymphoma, Lymph Nodes Infantile Hemangioma Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Lymph Nodes Less…

Scoliosis Julia Crim, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Idiopathic Scoliosis Degenerative Scoliosis Trauma Lateral Compression Fracture, Lumbar Lateral Compression Fracture, Thoracic Lateral Flexion Injury, Cervical Neuromuscular Scoliosis Cerebral Palsy Muscular Dystrophy…

Polyostotic Lesions B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Fibroxanthoma (Nonossifying Fibroma) Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) Osteomyelitis Osteochondroma, Multiple Hereditary Exostosis Leukemia Ewing Sarcoma, Metastatic…

Leukocoria H. Christian Davidson, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Retinoblastoma Less Common Retinal Detachment Retinopathy of Prematurity Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous Coats Disease Coloboma Congenital Cataract Rare but Important Toxocariasis, Orbit…

Macrocephaly Alexander J. Towbin, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Benign Extracranial Collections of Infancy Hydrocephalus Child Abuse Less Common Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation Rare but Important Tay-Sachs…

Enlarged Lymph Nodes in Neck Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Reactive Lymph Nodes Suppurative Lymph Nodes Hodgkin Lymphoma, Lymph Nodes Cat Scratch Disease Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Lymph Nodes Non-TB…

Cistern, Subarachnoid Space Normal Variant Karen L. Salzman, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Cavum Septi Pellucidi (CSP) Mega Cisterna Magna Flow-Related MR Artifacts Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces Less Common Cavum Velum Interpositum…