Abdominal Wall Defects Robert K. Minkes Section of Pediatric Surgery and Department of Surgery, Louisiana University School of Medicine, Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of New Orleans, New…

Clinical Principles of Abdominal Surgery George W. Holcomb III Daniel J. Ostlie Children’s Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri at Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri 64108. Children’s Mercy…

Gastroesophageal Reflux Robert P. Foglia Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a major cause of morbidity…

Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula Spencer W. Beasley Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand. Esophageal atresia is a congenital abnormality in which the midportion of the esophagus is absent. Its estimated…

Esophagus Patrick A. Dillon Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. EMBRYOLOGY Although the normal esophagus can be identified as a distinct structure by…

Pericardium and Great Vessels Walter Pegoli Jr. Pediatric Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642. PERICARDIUM Embryology The pericardial sac begins to take shape…

Congenital Heart Disease Stuart Berger James S. Tweddell Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226. Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226….

Lung Heidi J. Pinkerton Keith T. Oldham Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226. Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin,…

Mediastinum and Pleura Bradley M. Rodgers Eugene D. McGahren III Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22906. Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville,…

Subglottic Airway Richard G. Azizkhan Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229. Many different airway disorders can cause airway obstruction and respiratory distress…