Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Thousands of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) are performed in children and adolescents annually in the United States. HSCT is being used to treat a growing…
PEDIATRICS
Childhood Cancer
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Childhood cancer is rare, with only approximately 10,000 new cases diagnosed each year in the United States. Nonetheless, cancer is the leading cause of disease-related mortality…
Stroke, Arteriopathy, and Vascular Malformations
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Stroke refers to acute vascular events involving the brain, brainstem, or spinal cord. Subtypes of stroke in the pediatric population include arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), cerebral…
Demyelinating Disease
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Acquired demyelinating syndromes encompass both acute and chronic immune-mediated disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and include acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), optic neuritis (ON), transverse…
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Kernicterus, or chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, is a permanent and devastating condition associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and intellectual disability. The risk for development of kernicterus in…
Congenital and Perinatal Infections
CONGENITAL INFECTIONS Print Section Listen BACKGROUND Congenital infections acquired in utero are a significant cause of neonatal mortality and childhood morbidity. The original concept of the TORCH acronym was to group…
Congenital Anomalies
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Congenital anomalies have a wide array of presentations, from almost unnoticeable variations to remarkable dysmorphology. They may be detected at first breath of life or several…
Hypotonia and Weakness
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Hypotonia and weakness may signify a variety of systemic, neurologic, and neuromuscular disorders (Table 120-1). Evaluation of hypotonia and weakness can be challenging, as the list…
Birth Injury
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Birth injuries are an uncommon complication of vaginal and cesarean delivery. Injuries range from those that are minor and require no further diagnostic evaluation or treatment…
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Approximately 4.4% of women of childbearing years use illicit drugs or abuse prescription medications, including marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens, heroin, sedatives, painkillers, and stimulants.1 Infants born to…
