Control of Ventilation
Introduction The transition from fetal to neonatal life requires a rapid conversion from intermittent fetal respiratory activity not associated with gas exchange to continuous breathing upon which gas exchange is…
PEDIATRICS
Evidence-Based Respiratory Care
Background Clinicians caring for infants with respiratory disease should make diagnoses, choose treatments, and counsel parents based on the best evidence available (preferably from high-quality research studies) while still using…
Ethical Issues in Assisted Ventilation of the Neonate
Introduction For over half a century doctors have struggled with the ethical dilemmas surrounding assisted ventilation. The biggest controversies have been around the groups of babies who have very high…
Introduction and Historical Aspects
The past several decades have witnessed a significant reduction in neonatal mortality and morbidity in the industrialized world. A variety of societal changes, improvements in obstetric care, and advances in…
Radiology for the Pediatric Hospitalist
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen The purpose of this chapter is to familiarize hospitalists with common pediatric imaging examinations so that they can order the most appropriate test for the patient…
Ultrasonography for the Pediatric Hospitalist
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) refers to non-radiologist clinicians who perform an ultrasound during a clinical encounter with their patient. Rather than performing a comprehensive exam of an…
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Noninvasive ventilation techniques augment alveolar ventilation without an indwelling artificial airway. This is accomplished with either negative (subatmospheric) or positive pressure administered via an external interface….
Umbilical Artery and Vein Catheterization
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Unique to the neonate, lifesaving central access can be achieved through catheterization of the umbilical vessels. Umbilical artery catheterization can routinely be performed in newborns up…
Thoracentesis
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Thoracentesis is the evacuation of fluid or air from the pleural space. This discussion is limited to the evacuation of fluid (effusion) from the pleural space…
Replacing a Tracheostomy Tube
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Tracheostomy tubes are used in pediatric patients primarily for mechanical ventilation in chronically ill patients and to overcome obstruction. Replacing an established tracheostomy is part of…
