Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
More than 130 million courses of antibiotics are prescribed in the United States each year, and diarrhea is a common side effect of antibiotic therapy. Clostridium difficile is the most…
PEDIATRICS
Approach to Patients With Gastrointestinal Tract Infections and Food Poisoning
Gastrointestinal infections can be caused by a wide array of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Chemical food poisoning further broadens the spectrum of diseases. The cardinal symptoms of enteric…
Esophagitis
Esophagitis is usually caused by gastroesophageal reflux and other noninfectious processes. Infectious esophagitis is distinct from other gastrointestinal infections in that it generally occurs in immunocompromised children and adults and…
Prostatitis
Prostatitis, a major source of chronic infection and symptoms in men, occurs rarely in prepubertal children. Although prostatitis may develop in postpubertal teenagers, even in this age group the diagnosis…
Cystitis and Pyelonephritis
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common serious bacterial infections in children. In several series of children evaluated for fever, UTIs accounted for 5% to 6% of infections. They…
Renal Abscess
Although acute pyelonephritis is a common infection in children, the primary development of a renal abscess or progression of pyelonephritis to a renal or perinephric abscess is an uncommon occurrence….
Urethritis
Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra and periurethral tissues in males and females. It may be associated with a variety of infectious and noninfectious disorders. Epidemiology The cause of…
Parainfectious and Postinfectious Disorders of the Nervous System
Parainfectious and Postinfectious Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System Stuart R. Tomko Timothy E. Lotze Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic demyelinating disease of the central nervous…
Encephalitis and Meningoencephalitis
Encephalitis is one of the most challenging syndromes for physicians to manage, especially because of the high morbidity and mortality and the vast number of causes that need to be…
Aseptic Meningitis and Viral Meningitis
Aseptic meningitis is an inflammatory process of the meninges. It is relatively common and is caused by many different entities. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is characterized by pleocytosis, normal or…
