Controversies in Short Bowel Syndrome
Abstract Short Bowel Syndrome is an entity that remains a challenge to clinicians. It also includes patients with intestinal failure whether or not they actually have a reduced length of…
PEDIATRICS
Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Neonatology Questions and Controversies
Abstract A devastating disease that continues to remain poorly understood is neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This is a gastrointestinal disease that mostly affects premature infants; the risk of development is…
Nutrition for the Surgical Neonate
Abstract Surgical procedures are not infrequent among patients admitted to regional neonatal intensive care units. Adequate nutrition in the newborn period, especially during times of critical illness and “stress,” is…
Donor Milk Trials
Abstract History of Donor Milk Current State of Milk Banking Nutrient and Bioactive Composition of Donor Milk Strengths and Challenges of Conducting and Comparing Donor Milk Trials Outcomes of Randomized…
Human Milk Oligosaccharide
Abstract Human milk oligosaccharide (hMOS) is a major component of human milk—typically, the third most abundant solid constituent. The oligosaccharides of human milk are 3 to 32 sugars in size,…
Development of Gastrointestinal Motility Reflexes
Abstract Gastrointestinal motility in human infants is a complex function and is dependent on sensory and motor regulation of the intrinsic enteric nervous system integrated and modulated by the central…
Lipid and Fatty Acid Delivery in the Preterm Infant: Challenges and Lessons Learned from Other Critically Ill Populations
Abstract Lipids and fatty acids are critical for optimal cell physiology, organ function, and neurodevelopment. Although these nutrients are delivered to the preterm infant, specific considerations and challenges unique to…
Maturation of Motor Function in the Preterm Infant and Gastroesophageal Reflux
Abstract Upper gastroesophageal motility may be immature in neonates and preterm infants, predisposing them to gastroesophageal reflux (GER) events. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when GER causes complications and is…
Infections in Burn Patients
According to the American Burn Association, approximately 486,000 persons were treated for burns in 2011 in the United States; of these, approximately 40,000 were hospitalized and approximately 3240 died of…
Kawasaki Disease
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem acute febrile vasculitic syndrome of presumably infectious origin that affects predominantly infants and young children. The diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical features (…
