Chest Pain
Chest pain can be the presenting complaint for a child feeling chest tightness, burning, pressure, stabbing sensations, palpitations, or heartburn. This can make quickly discerning an etiology difficult, particularly in…
PEDIATRICS
Respiratory Distress
Introduction The main function of the respiratory system is to supply oxygen to meet the body’s demands and remove excess carbon dioxide. Many processes are involved in ensuring that this…
Apparent Life Threatening Event–Brief Resolved Unexplained Event
Apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) is a term used to describe an acute, unexpected episode that consists of a change in an infant’s breathing, appearance, or behavior. It is a clinical…
Sore Throat
Most causes of sore throat are nonbacterial and neither require nor are alleviated by antibiotic therapy ( Tables 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 ). Accurate diagnosis is essential: Acute streptococcal pharyngitis…
Neonatal Gastrointestinal Tract as a Conduit to Systemic Inflammation
Abstract The primary role of the gastrointestinal tract is to facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients, but the intestines also engage in a multitude of other biologic functions, including significant…
Adult Consequences of Neonatal and Fetal Nutrition: Mechanisms
Abstract Poor fetal and neonatal nutrition interacts with the environment to produce subtle changes in the development, structure, and function of organs. Over the lifetime, these subtle changes alter an…
What Are the Controversies, and Where Will the Field be Moving in the Future?
Brenda Poindexter, MD, MS Josef Neu, MD In this third edition of Gastroenterology and Nutrition: Neonatology Questions and Controversies , a number of emerging controversies have been identified by esteemed leaders in…
New Lipid Strategies to Prevent/Treat Neonatal Cholestasis
Abstract A growing amount of evidence suggests that specific components of parenteral nutrition (PN) are involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). For a number of reasons,…
