Osteomyelitis
Introduction The term osteomyelitis denotes inflammation of bone and marrow but generally implies the presence of infection. Osteomyelitis is considered acute if diagnosed within 2 weeks of the onset of…
PEDIATRICS
Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents the final common pathway and clinical presentation of the most severe acute lung injury (ALI), which may be precipitated by various pulmonary (direct) or…
Fever Without Source and Fever of Unknown Origin
Petersdorf and Beeson in 1961 proposed that the term fever of unknown origin (FUO) be reserved for persons with an illness persisting for 3 or more weeks and accompanied by…
Bacteremia and Septic Shock
One of the most serious and potentially life-threatening infectious diseases in childhood is a bacteremic illness. Bacteremia may be caused by a wide variety of gram-positive or gram-negative microorganisms, and…
Bacterial Myositis and Pyomyositis
Myositis is not a common manifestation of bacterial infection, but, when it occurs, the consequences to the patient may be severe or even fatal. Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococci…
Genital Infections
This chapter reviews female genital tract infections in the pediatric and adolescent age groups. An initial review of normal vaginal microenvironment in the prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal period is followed…
Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Infections
Many illnesses caused by infectious agents have associated cutaneous manifestations. In some cases, the exanthem may be the hallmark of the disease; in others, it may be only a vague…
Roseola Infantum (Exanthem Subitum)
Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum, pseudorubella, exanthem criticum, sixth disease, or 3-day fever) is a common, acute illness of young children characterized by a fever of 3 to 5 days’ duration,…
Septic Arthritis
Acute infection of the joints can be caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Bacterial infections occur most frequently. The terms septic arthritis, infectious arthritis, and acute suppurative pyarthrosis are used…
Retroperitoneal Infections
Retroperitoneal infections consist primarily of suppurative bacterial infections that originate within the retroperitoneal structures. In children, these infections are much less common than intraabdominal infections; however, they can lead to…
