Chapter 26 – Sperm Retrieval
Abstract Surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) is used in situations where sperm suitable for fertility treatment cannot be obtained by other means, principally from the ejaculate. Even sperm obtained from cryptozoospermic…
GYNECOLOGY
Chapter 25 – Evaluation and Management of Recurrent Miscarriage
Abstract The spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the viable gestation is termed miscarriage. Miscarriage therefore includes all pregnancy losses from conception until 23 completed weeks of pregnancy. It remains…
Chapter 23 – Quality Management in Reproductive Medicine
Abstract For fertility clinics to be successful, quality must be a priority. Quality is not just about ticking boxes, it is about ensuring jobs are completed to the best standard…
Chapter 24 – Early Pregnancy
Abstract Early pregnancy problems are common and cause significant physical and psychological morbidity and mortality. Miscarriage is thought to affect one in five pregnancies and ectopic pregnancy to occur in…
Chapter 19 – Gamete Preparation and Embryo Culture
Abstract The pioneers of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) were Robert Edwards, a scientist working at Cambridge University, and Patrick Steptoe, a gynaecologic surgeon from Oldham, who collaborated together to develop…
Chapter 17 – Common Stimulation Regimens in Assisted Reproductive Technology
Abstract Since the early days of in vitro fertilisation (IVF), the results of IVF treatment have much improved with a 32.8% live birth rate being reported for women aged under…
Chapter 22 – Gamete and Embryo Cryopreservation
Abstract Cryopreservation is a fundamental adjunct for any in vitro fertilisation (IVF) programme for both gametes and embryos. Sperm can be frozen for use in donor cycles, treatment cycles or…
Chapter 21 – The Risks of Assisted Reproduction
Abstract Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are now responsible for more than 2% of all human births in the United Kingdom and closer to 5% in mainland Europe. According to the…
Chapter 20 – Single Embryo Transfer
Abstract Worldwide 95% of the adults express their desire for a child. Between 8 and 12% of reproductive-aged couples worldwide have problems conceiving. The probable global average for infertility is…
Chapter 18 – Oocyte Retrieval and Embryo Transfer
Abstract The oocyte retrieval procedure has undergone a substantial evolution over almost forty years moving from the abdominal to vaginal approach. Ultrasound- guided oocyte retrieval is performed now as a…
