The First Prenatal Visit—Setting the Stage for Optimal Pregnancy Care Chloe M. Nielsen Anna G. Euser John C. Hobbins Introduction The initial prenatal visit can be one of the most…
Principles of Genetic Counseling in Prenatal and Perinatal Medicine Laura Igarzábal Jeffrey A. Kuller Introduction Normal body structure and function are direct consequences of multiple gene actions that are frequently…
Infectious Disease in Pregnancy Courtney J. Mitchell Brenna L. Hughes Introduction Pregnancy is a unique condition with regards to infectious disease. Due to pregnancy-induced changes in the immune system, many…
Radiation in Pregnancy Jason K. Molitoris James W. Snider Introduction Radiation is an important health concern during pregnancy for both the mother and fetus. Exposures are possible in a variety…
The Effects of Illicit Drug and Alcohol Use in Pregnancy Katrina Schafer Mark Introduction Illicit drug, alcohol, and tobacco use in pregnancy has known risks. As it is the rare…
Teratogens Scott A. Sullivan Barbara B. Head Introduction Congenital malformations or birth defects may be found in up to 3% of neonates.1 An additional 2% to 3% of infants may…
The Normal and Abnormal Placenta Yoel Sadovsky W. Tony Parks Introduction and a Historical Perspective In eutherian mammals, the placenta forms the interface between the fetus and the mother, providing…
Multifetal Pregnancies: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Management Lucas Otaño César Meller Horacio Aiello Introduction A multifetal gestation is a high-risk pregnancy because it is associated with an increased rate of…
Ectopic and Heterotopic Pregnancies Omri Zamstein Eyal Sheiner Arnon Wiznitzer Ectopic Pregnancy Incidence Ectopic pregnancy, ie, implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterus (Figure 3.1), is a major health…
Evaluation of Stillbirth Alex S. Miller Uma M. Reddy Introduction Epidemiology Stillbirth, defined as fetal death at 20 weeks or more of gestation, remains a common adverse pregnancy outcome worldwide,…
