Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is expressed by the granulosa cells of the pre-antral and small antral follicles in the ovary. It is significantly higher in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)…
The morphological features of the ovaries in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been well described by ultrasound imaging technology. These include enlarged ovary size, multiple small follicles of…
Basic science studies have advanced our understanding of the role of key enzymes in the steroidogenesis pathway and those that affect the pathophysiology of PCOS. Studies with ovarian theca cells…
The diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have been grouped in different classifications that have been conflicting for many years. At present, the classification of Rotterdam is the most…
Some 80 years ago, Drs. Irving Stein and Michael Leventhal reported a case series of seven women characterized by amenorrhea associated with hirsutism and bilateral polycystic ovaries . This seminal…
1. The gold standard test for antenatal surveillance of the pregnancy at-risk for an adverse pregnancy outcome with the lowest false negative rate is: a) Biophysical Profile b) CTG only…
1. a) T b) F c) F d) T e) T There is growing evidence to demonstrate the strong association among PCOS, NAFLD and NASH. Most of the endocrine and…
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) congenital infection affects 0.7% of live births worldwide and is the leading cause of congenital neurological handicap of infectious origin. However, systematic screening for this infection has not…
Fetal macrosomia is defined as birth weight >4000 g and is associated with several maternal and fetal complications such as maternal birth canal trauma, shoulder dystocia, and perinatal asphyxia. Early identification…
Stillbirth is delivery of a baby at or after 24 weeks of gestational age (UK definition) not showing any signs of life. It affects almost one in 200 pregnancies and…
