A broad range of testing modalities for fetal genetic disease has been established. These include carrier screening for single-gene mutations, first-trimester and second-trimester screening for chromosome abnormalities and open neural-tube…
1. a) F b) T c) F d) T e) T Genetic counselling involves a full description of testing modalities, their advantages and disadvantages, their risks and benefits and the…
Two currently contentious domains in infertility treatment are discussed: assisted reproduction for same-sex couples and fertility preservation for women with cancer. Despite an increasing recognition of the rights of same-sex…
1. The following statement(s) about unexplained infertility is/are true: a) The term ‘unexplained infertility’ refers to couples in whom standard investigations (e.g. assessment for ovulation, tubal patency and semen analysis)…
The most important outcome of infertility treatment is a birth of a healthy baby. In many countries, in-vitro fertilisation treatments carry a high risk of twin pregnancy, which brings a…
Most children born after assisted reproduction techniques are healthy. The most important risk associated with in-vitro fertilisation is the higher multiple birth rate, which may result in increased child morbidity…
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis provides prenatal genetic diagnosis before implantation, thus allowing detection of chromosomal abnormalities and their exclusion from embryo transfer in assisted reproductive technologies. Polar body, blastomere or trophectoderm…
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a relatively common complication of ovarian stimulation and can be life-threatening. The pathophysiology of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is characterised by increased capillary permeability, leading to leakage…
In assisted reproductive technology, cryopreservation of human oocytes and embryos has been significantly improved by refined slow-cooling and the new vitrification method. The slow-cooling method requires a programmed cryo-machine, and…
The efficacy of assisted reproductive technologies has improved significantly over the past decades. The main indications for in vitro fertilisation include tubal obstruction, severe male-factor infertility, severe endometriosis, ovulatory dysfunction,…
