Fetal Gastrointestinal Anomalies
KEY TERMS Print Section Listen Key Terms Atresia: derives from Greek α–τρησία which means absence of perforation. In gastrointestinal atresia there is interruption of the lumen continuity at some point…
Volume Sonography: Core Concepts for Clinical Practice
KEY TERMS Print Section Listen Key Terms Three-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS, or volume ultrasound): an imaging method that fundamentally converts the acquired digital 2D picture elements (pixels) into a 3D volume….
Sonographic Evaluation of Pelvic Masses
KEY TERMS Print Section Listen Key Terms Adnexal: refers to tube and ovary and adjacent area in the female pelvis. Cystic mass: refers to a mass containing fluid and having…
Pelvic Floor Ultrasound
KEY TERMS Print Section Listen Key Terms Ballooning: enlargement of the levator hiatus to 25 cm2 or more on Valsalva. Bladder neck descent: the extent of caudal movement of the…
Sonographic Evaluation of Uterine Disorders
KEY TERMS Print Section Listen Key Terms Bicornuate uterus: a uterine abnormality resulting from complete failure of the two embryologic uterine horns to fuse, thereby most commonly resulting in one…
Transvaginal Sonography in Gynecologic Infertility
KEY TERMS Print Section Listen Key Terms Infertility: the inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse. IVF (in vitro fertilization): a medical procedure involving ovulation induction, guided follicular…
Sonographic Techniques for Early Detection of Ovarian and Endometrial Cancers
KEY TERMS Print Section Listen Key Terms Early detection: evaluation of an at-risk population to identify a particular disease. “Lead-time” bias: influence of time between diagnosis and onset of clinical…
Sonographic Evaluation of Acute and Chronic Pelvic Pain
KEY TERMS Print Section Listen Key Terms Torsion: twisting of an organ usually associated with vascular compromise. Acute versus chronic pelvic pain: acute usually implies within 1-2 weeks of initial…
Sonography of Maternal Disorders Encountered During Pregnancy
KEY TERMS Print Section Listen Key Terms Decidualized endometrioma: an endometrioma that contains decidualized tissue that may be transformed during pregnancy. The solid areas of these masses may demonstrate significant…
Transvaginal Sonography of Endometrial Disorders
KEY TERMS Print Section Listen Key Terms Endometrial “stripe”: interface representing endometrial bilayer thickness as seen in long axis. “Bilayer” thickness: measurement in millimeters of thickest measurement both layers of…
