Chapter 4 – Gamete Interaction
Abstract Mature human gametes ready for fertilization differ in their state of nuclear maturation: the spermatozoon has completed meiosis and the oocyte is arrested at metaphase II. However, both gametes…
Chapter 1 – Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
Abstract Gametogenesis, embryo development, implantation and in-vitro culture involve numerous complex pathways and interactions at the cellular and molecular level; a true understanding of their significance requires fundamental knowledge of…
Chapter 3 – Gametes and Gametogenesis
Abstract After a blastocyst has implanted in the uterus and begins to differentiate into the three primary germ layers, a special population of cells develops as primordial germ cells (PGCs)….
Chapter 14 – Sonographic Assessment of Early Pregnancy
Abstract Transvaginal ultrasound scan (TVS) is the recommended method for assessing pregnancies in the first trimester. Transabdominal scanning can be performed if women are reluctant to have a TVS, but…
Chapter 2 – Endocrine Control of Reproduction
Abstract Synchrony is essential for gametogenesis and correct embryo development, and a basic knowledge of reproductive endocrinology is fundamental to understanding synchrony in reproductive physiology. Although sexual arousal, erection and…
Chapter 8 – Sonographic Assessment of Ovarian Cysts and Masses
Abstract Pelvic ultrasound remains the single most effective method for detection and characterization of adnexal masses . While transvaginal ultrasound provides optimal visualization, it has limited field of view; larger…
Chapter 16 – Doppler Ultrasound in Gynaecology
Abstract Doppler ultrasound imaging can be used to identify and assess blood vessels by producing a colour-coded map of Doppler shifts superimposed on a B-mode ultrasound image. The effect, first…
Chapter 11 – Role of Ultrasound in Assisted Reproductive Treatment
Abstract Assisted reproductive treatment (ART) has become the only hope for biologically own children for numerous infertile couples. It is estimated that 1.7–4.0 per cent of children born in developed…
Chapter 10 – Sonographic Assessment of Fallopian Tubes and Tubal Pathologies
Abstract While the uterus, cervix and ovaries can be well assessed by transvaginal ultrasound, normal fallopian tubes are not visible on ultrasound. Therefore, evaluation of the fallopian tubes needs special…
Chapter 15 – Tips and Tricks when Using Ultrasound in a Contraception Clinic
Abstract Long-acting reversible contraceptives like intrauterine devices (IUDs) and systems (IUSs) and subdermal implants (SDIs) are widely used contraceptive devices in the world today. Intrauterine devices and systems together are…
