Basic Principles of Robotic Surgery
Fig. 3.1 Positioning and port placement for robotic left renal procedures Pelvic and Bladder Surgeries Positioning children for bladder procedures should begin by placing a Foley catheter into the bladder….
Physiology of Minimally Invasive Surgery Versus Open Surgery
Prasad P. Godbole, Martin A. Koyle and Duncan T. Wilcox (eds.)Pediatric Endourology Techniques2nd ed. 201410.1007/978-1-4471-5394-8_4 © Springer-Verlag London 2014 4. Physiology of Minimally Invasive Surgery Versus Open Surgery Niki Kanaroglou1 and Walid A. Farhat2 (1) Department of Pediatric Urology,…
Classification, and Surgical Management of Bony Malformations of the Craniovertebral Junction
Malformations of central pillar Malformations of surrounding rings Disturbance of axial component of occipital sclerotome, proatlas and C1 resegmented sclerotome Disturbance of lateral component and hypochordal bows of proatlas and…
Junction Instability: Special Reference to Paediatric Age Group
Fig. 1 Images of a 2.5 year old boy. (a) Sagittal view of CT scan showing craniovertebral instability. (b) Axial view of arch of atlas showing its trifid nature. (c)…
Segments of the Vertebral Artery: Insight in the Developmental Changes up to the 21st Year of Life
Fig. 1 Modified scheme [131] of the vasculature in the human embryo (right half) at week 4 Primitive aortic arches develop in regular order from cephalic to caudal. There are…
of the Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies in Children
Fig. 1 Normal adult CT (a) and 22-month-old MRI (b) sagittal landmarks. A nasion, B tuberculum sellae, C dorsum sellae, D basion, E opisthion, F posterior margin of the hard…
Junction Pathological Features and Their Management in the Mucopolysaccharidoses
Fig. 1 (a, b) Flexion/extension MRI study in a MPS IVA case, showing increased cord compression during flexion Main features to consider in MPS are: the presence of odontoid hypoplasia,…
Craniovertebral Junction Trauma
Fig. 1 (a) Illustration showing the ossification centers and synchondroses of the atlas. The neural arch ossification centers form during the seventh gestational week, whereas the ossification center within the…
and Intensive Care Management in Craniovertebral Junction Surgery
Class Description I The patient is normal and healthy II The patient has mild systemic disease that does not limit their activities (e.g., controlled hypertension or controlled diabetes without systemic…
Odontoideum Syndrome: Pathogenesis, Clinical Patterns and Indication for Surgical Strategies in Childhood
Embryologically, the occipital bone results from the fusion of four occipital sclerotomes, of which the proatlas is the most caudal. The atlas derives from the proatlas and C1 sclerotome. The…
