Meckel’s Diverticulum
Fig. 19.1 Embryo day 13 Fig. 19.2 Embryo day 28 The middle part of the primitive gut, or midgut, remains temporally connected to the yolk sac by the vitelline duct…
Gastrointestinal Tumors in Children and Adolescents
Fig. 30.1 Mucocutaneous pigmentation representative of Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) (Reproduced from Alawi 2013 [15]) Adenomas This type of polyps is usually associated with polyposis syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis…
Clinical Nutrition
Fig. 6.1 Summary of clinical nutrition management in pediatric digestive diseases. PN parenteral nutrition, * paralytic or mechanical ileus, ° obstruction, NEC necrotizing enterocolitis, EN enteral nutrition, ONS oral nutritional…
Congenital Esophageal Stenosis
Fig. 8.1 Congenital stenosis of the distal third of the esophagus The radiologic appearance is morphologically similar in all cases of esophageal stenosis: an important esophageal dilation followed by a…
Hiatal Hernia and Gastroesophageal Reflux
Fig. 12.1 Laparoscopic Nissen Rossetti fundoplication. Creation of the retroesophageal window (a), suture of the diaphragmatic crura (b), the fundus is brought around behind the esophagus to create a wrap…
Caustic Ingestion and Foreign Bodies
Grade Endoscopic features Extent of lesions 0 No lesion 1 Erythema of the mucosa 2a Pseudomembranes Partial/noncircumferential 2b Ulcer/necrosis Partial/noncircumferential 3a Pseudomembranes Circumferential 3b Ulcer/necrosis Circumferential 4 Full-thickness changes/perforations Patients…
Achalasia and Esophageal Motility Disorders
Fig. 9.1 Upper gastrointestinal contrast study showing a dilated esophagus that ends with “bird’s beak” and the absence of esophageal contractions on serial views Even if the esophagogram study alone…
Lung and Mediastinum
Non-neoplastic pediatric lung lesions Neoplastic pediatric lung lesions Reactive or prior treatment-related changes Clear cell (sugar) tumor Infection Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Aspiration or Trauma/Fat emboli (with positive Oil Red O staining)…
Kidney, Adrenal Gland, and Retroperitoneum
Congenital and under 6 months Under 5 years Mesoblastic nephroma Clear cell sarcoma Rhabdoid tumor Intrarenal neuroblastoma Ossifying renal tumor Older children, adolescents, young adults All pediatric age groups Translocation-associated…
Lymph Nodes
Fig. 3.1 Reactive lymphadenopathy (Diff-Quik stain, medium power). This case of reactive lymphadenopathy shows a follicle-like organization, in which the lymphoid cells cluster together with tingible body macrophages. The lymphoid…
