Multifetal Pregnancy
The mother may also experience higher obstetrical morbidity and mortality rates. These also increase with the number of fetuses (Mhyre, 2012; Wen, 2004). In a study of more than 44,000…
Hypertensive Disorders
Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders Hypertension is diagnosed empirically when appropriately taken blood pressure exceeds 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic. Korotkoff phase V is used to define…
Fetal Imaging
Technology and Safety The real-time image on the ultrasound screen is produced by sound waves that are reflected back from fluid and tissue interfaces of the fetus, amnionic fluid, and…
Intrapartum Assessment
Internal (Direct) Electronic Monitoring The fetus can be monitored electronically by direct or indirect methods. Direct fetal heart measurement is accomplished by attaching a bipolar spiral electrode directly to the…
Preterm Labor
Steer (2005) observed that signs of immaturity at birth and shorter than average gestational length have an unusually high incidence in Homo sapiens compared with other mammals. This has been…
Implantation and Placental Development
FIGURE 5-1 Gonadotropin control of the ovarian and endometrial cycles. The ovarian-endometrial cycle has been structured as a 28-day cycle. The follicular phase (days 1 to 14) is characterized by…
