Anal Incontinence Frida Carswell James Oliver Keck Peter L. Dwyer Introduction Anal incontinence (AI) is defined as involuntary loss of flatus and/or feces.1 Although it may affect men, it is…

Innovation and Evolution of Medical Devices: the Case of Surgical Robots Jonia Alshiek S. Abbās Shobeiri Introduction Innovating even the most straightforward device requires time, energy, patience, and much money….

Evaluation and Management of Colorectal Dysfunction Tisha N. Lunsford Michael D. Crowell EPIDEMIOLOGY Constipation is a term often used to describe a constellation of symptoms, including decreased frequency of bowel…

The Use of Autologous Flaps in Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery Johnny Yi Alanna Rebecca Introduction In female pelvic and reconstructive surgery, pedicled autologous tissue flaps provide the benefits of tissue volume…

Sacrocolpopexy Ali Azadi Polina Sawyer Patrick Culligan Introduction Symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition affecting women. Currently, it is estimated that 13% to 19% of women in the…

Obliterative Procedures: Lefort Colpocleisis and Colpocleisis With Hysterectomy Brittni A. J. Boyd Felicia L. Lane Introduction Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition, the incidence of which increases with age.1…

Management of Mesh Complications Taylor John Brueseke Daniel Jacob Meller HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE The potential value of surgical mesh can be traced to the late 19th century. In 1890, Viennese surgeon…

Urethral Diverticulum Nicola Dykes Peter L. Dwyer Introduction Female urethral diverticulum (UD) was originally described more than 200 years ago by Hey.1 It is a relatively uncommon condition with an…

Sutures and Synthetic Material in Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery Rubin Raju Olivia O. Cardenas-Trowers Emanuel C. Trabuco Introduction Pelvic organ prolapse affects approximately 25% of women in the United States with…

Uterine Preservation During Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery Robert E. Gutman Katherine L. Woodburn Introduction Pelvic organ prolapse is one of the most common indications for hysterectomy in the United States, although…