Obgyn Key

Dehydration Philip R. Spandorfer INTRODUCTION Dehydration is a total body fluid deficit and a cause of hypovolemic shock. It occurs when total fluid loss is greater than fluid intake. It…

Diabetes Stuart A. Weinzimer INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insulin deficiency. Diabetes encompasses several clinical syndromes including, but not limited to,…

Cyanosis Beth Ann Johnson Bradley S. Marino INTRODUCTION Cyanosis is a physical sign characterized by a bluish discoloration of the mucous membranes, skin, or nail beds. Cyanosis results from hypoxemia…

Cough Richard M. Kravitz INTRODUCTION Cough is one of the most common presenting symptoms in children. The duration of the symptoms determines the level of concern and degree of workup…

Constipation Kristin N. Fiorino INTRODUCTION Constipation is difficult passage of hard bowel movements, usually associated with a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements to <2 stools per week. Approximately…

Coma Nicholas S. Abend INTRODUCTION Consciousness is a state of arousal (wakefulness) with awareness of self and surroundings. Arousal is mediated by the brainstem and subcortical structures, including the ascending…

Child Abuse Cindy W. Christian INTRODUCTION Physicians are responsible for identifying cases of suspected abuse and reporting them to the proper authorities for investigation. Diagnosing physical abuse can be challenging….

Chest Pain Kan N. Hor Bradley S. Marino INTRODUCTION Chest pain in children and adolescents is common and produces a high level of anxiety in both patients and families because…

Bleeding and Purpura Kim Smith-Whitley INTRODUCTION Purpura, that is, petechiae and ecchymoses (bruises), and excessive bleeding are caused by disruptions in one or more of the three stages of normal…

Ataxia Lawrence W. Brown INTRODUCTION Ataxia is a disturbance of coordination or balance that is not caused by a problem of muscle strength. Ataxia is characterized by errors of motor…